Physicians, vaccine inventors, immunologists, pharmacologists, and public health innovators who conquered epidemic diseases.

The medical visionary who developed the first effective inactivated polio vaccine, liberating generations of children worldwide from paralysis and refusing to patent the formula for profit.

Pioneering contributor in Biology & Medicine whose work shaped human civilization and Jewish historical heritage.

Pioneering contributor in Biology & Medicine whose work shaped human civilization and Jewish historical heritage.

Italian neurologist (1909–2012)

Pioneering contributor in Biology & Medicine whose work shaped human civilization and Jewish historical heritage.

Pioneering contributor in Biology & Medicine whose work shaped human civilization and Jewish historical heritage.

Pioneering contributor in Biology & Medicine whose work shaped human civilization and Jewish historical heritage.

Pioneering contributor in Biology & Medicine whose work shaped human civilization and Jewish historical heritage.

Pioneering contributor in Biology & Medicine whose work shaped human civilization and Jewish historical heritage.

Pioneering contributor in Biology & Medicine whose work shaped human civilization and Jewish historical heritage.

Pioneering contributor in Biology & Medicine whose work shaped human civilization and Jewish historical heritage.

Pioneering contributor in Biology & Medicine whose work shaped human civilization and Jewish historical heritage.

Pioneering contributor in Biology & Medicine whose work shaped human civilization and Jewish historical heritage.

Pioneering contributor in Biology & Medicine whose work shaped human civilization and Jewish historical heritage.

Pioneering contributor in Biology & Medicine whose work shaped human civilization and Jewish historical heritage.

Polish-American medical researcher (1906–1993)

American surgeon and research biologist (1933–2008)